Endnotes

1. The original child support guidelines, promulgated pursuant to K.S.A. 20-165 by the Supreme Court on October 1, 1987, were proposed by the Kansas Commission on Child Support following a two-year study. See Kansas Commission on Child Support, "Proposed Kansas Child Support Guidelines," 1987 (available in Kansas Supreme Court Law Library, Topeka, Kansas). The report includes a detailed background discussion, including the policy criteria upon which the original guidelines were based.

   The Child Support Guidelines Advisory Committee was initially appointed by the Supreme Court on April 7, 1989, to review the implementation of the statewide child support guidelines, solicit public input regarding the guidelines, and make recommendations to address the new federal mandates of the Family Support Act of 1988. The committee has been convened periodically to conduct a comprehensive review of the guidelines and to update the economic data. The current Advisory Committee's members are:

   	Date First Appointed
   Hon. Nancy Parrish (Chair), Topeka District Court Judge, 3rd Judicial District	07/01/97
   Hon. Thomas E. Foster, Olathe District Court Judge, 10th Judicial District	05/24/01
   Hon. Thomas H. Graber, Wellington District Court Judge, 30th Judicial District	04/07/89
   John T. Bird, Hays Attorney	04/07/89
   Roy F. Brungardt, Hays Certified Public Accountant	07/06/93
   Professor Linda Elrod, Topeka Washburn University School of Law	04/07/89
   Charles F. Harris, Wichita Attorney	04/07/89
   Dave Gregory, Wichita Parent	05/24/01
   Gary Pomeroy, Lawrence Attorney, Child Support Enforcement	05/24/01
   Sherri Loveland, Lawrence Attorney	04/07/89
   Thomas C. Owens, Overland Park Attorney	04/07/89
   Sen. Greta H. Goodwin, Winfield State Senator, 32nd District	05/24/01
   Rep. Ward Loyd, Garden City State Representative, 123rd District	05/24/01
   Larry Rute, Topeka Associates in Dispute Resolution	04/07/89

   Past members of the Advisory Committee were:

   	Date First Appointed
   Hon. Herbert W. Walton (Chairman), Olathe Administrative Judge, Retired, 10th Judicial District	04/07/89-06/07/99
   Allen B. Angst, Abilene Attorney, Shared Primary Residency Parent	07/06/93-06/30/00
   William Coffee, Olathe District Court Trustee	07/01/97-06/30/01
   Jamie Corkhill, Topeka Child Support Enforcement	09/01/96-06/30/00
   Jackie Fletcher, Kansas City United Way	07/06/93-06/30/00
   James L. Francisco, Wichita State Senator, 26th District	04/07/89-06/30/92
   Sheila Hochhauser, Manhattan State Representative, 67th District	07/01/96-06/30/00
   Dr. Woody Houseman, Topeka Principal, Highland Park South Elementary	4/07/89-06/30/96
   James R. Johnston, Wichita Nonprimary Residency Parent	02/04/98-06/30/00
   David Kerr, Hutchinson State Senator, 34th District	04/07/92-06/30/96
   Nancy K. Meacham, Wichita Attorney, Primary Residency Parent	06/30/92-06/30/02
   Hon. Paul E. Miller, Manhattan District Judge, 21st Judicial District	04/07/89-06/30/98
   Mike O'Neal, Hutchinson State Representative, 104th District	07/19/95-06/30/99
   Mark Parkinson, Olathe State Senator, 23rd District	07/09/95-06/30/00
   Richard Staub, Topeka Santa Fe General Offices	04/07/89-06/30/96
   Joan Wagnon, Topeka State Representative, 55th District	04/07/89-06/30/01
   Candace Lattin, Pratt Attorney, Child Support Enforcement

   Members of the original Kansas Commission on Child Support, appointed in December 1984 by then-Governor John Carlin:

   Ms. Lynn Barclay
   Kansas Children's Service League

   Hon. James G. Beasley
   District Court Judge, Wichita

   Ms. Peggy Browning
   Commission on Equal Status of Women, Wichita

   Hon. James P. Buchele
   District Court Judge, Topeka

   Professor Linda Elrod, Vice-Chairman
   Washburn Law School

   Hon. Robert G. Frey
   State Senator, 125th District

   Dr. Woody Houseman
   Topeka

   Hon. Tracy D. Klinginsmith
   District Court Judge, Holton

   Ms. Evelyn Leat
   Kansas City

   Mr. David Litwin
   Director of Taxation
   Kansas Chamber of Commerce & Industry

   Ms. Nancy Meacham
   Wichita

   Hon. Vic Miller
   Topeka

   Ms. Diane Nusbaum
   District Court Administrator, Junction City

   Mr. Larry Rute
   Kansas Legal Services, Inc.

   Mr. John Schneider
   Social & Rehabilitation Services
   Income Maintenance & Medical Services

   Dr. Howard Schwartz
   Judicial Administrator

   Mr. Richard Staub
   Santa Fe Railway Company

   Hon. Robert T. Stephan
   Attorney General

   Hon. Joan Wagnon
   State Representative, 55th District

   Hon. Herbert W. Walton, Chairman
   District Court Judge, Olathe

   Ms. Aileen Whitfill
   Policy & Program Development
   Social & Rehabilitation Services

2. See Linda Henry Elrod, Kansas Child Support Guidelines: An Elusive Search for Fairness in Support Orders, 27 WASHBURN. L. J. 104, 120-25 (1987). Expenditures per child are assumed to increase with increases in parents' combined income, decrease per child as the total number of children in the family increases, and increase as the child grows older.
3. William T. Terrell, Ph.D., is a consultant in private practice. Prior to his retirement, he served as an Associate Professor of Economics at Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas. For an explanation of Dr. Terrell's economic model, see W.T. Terrell, "Expenditures on Children for Child Support: Economist as Policy Advisor" (paper presented to the Eastern Economic Association at Baltimore, Maryland, March 1989) (available in Kansas Supreme Court Law Library, Topeka, Kansas). See also Kansas Commission on Child Support, supra note 1, at 13-15.
4. At the time of the review, Ann Coulson, Ph.D., held a position as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. The following sources were used to update the model: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Survey Series: Interview Survey, 1986-87 (1989); U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Household After-Tax Income: 1986, ser. P-23, No. 157 (1989); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Updated Estimates of the Cost of Raising a Child, Family Economics Review, No. 2 (May 1989). See Letter from Dr. Ann Coulson to Hon. Herbert Walton, February 21, 1990, at 1, 3 (available in Kansas Supreme Court Law Library, Topeka, Kansas).

   Adjustments were made to the national expenditure data to avoid double-counting certain expenditures, such as health care, health insurance, and child care services. Because social security was considered [as] a tax in the initial stage of the development of the schedule, the category of social security and pension plan contributions was also excluded so that the expenditure would not be counted twice. Additionally, the Committee excluded a number of expenditures considered to be discretionary or not attributable to children. Expenditures thus excluded were for alcoholic beverages, tobacco, vacation homes, boarding costs for children away at school, and cash contributions.

5. See Child Support Guidelines Committee Report dated November 1993. Ann Coulson, Ph.D. prepared a description of the derivation of the 1993 child support schedules.
6. The 2002 support schedule relies upon three data sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 1999-2000 (integrated diary and interview components); United States Department of Agriculture, Mark Lino, Ph.D., Expenditures on Children by Families: 2001 Annual Report; United States Department of Health and Human Services, The 2002 HHS Poverty Guidelines, 67 (31) FED. REGISTER, (Feb. 14, 2002).
7. See Terrell, supra note 3, at 7; Letter from Dr. Ann Coulson to Hon. Herbert Walton, February 21, 1990, supra note 4, at 2.
8. Consumption spending means household outlays for consumer goods and services as opposed to the purchase of assets or savings accounts.
9. This reduction involves subtracting the age 16-18 child's share of a total family burden at two points on the equation that relates average spending per the age 16-18 child to gross family income. Once the two lower points are determined, then the entire equation is reduced in order to compute the support schedules. For example, the one child aged 16-18 family calls for a reduction of $182 at the poverty level income of $1,300. Hence, the poverty level average spending of $430 becomes the schedule entry of $248. Similarly, at an income of $14,500 per month, average spending of $2,322 per child declines by $336 to the support amount of $1,986 (not shown in the schedule). The tabled values derive from an equation that passes through these two diminished values.
10. The terms "custodial" and "noncustodial" have been removed from the guidelines and replaced with the terms "having primary residency" and "not having primary residency." This brings the Kansas Child Support Guidelines into conformity with K.S.A. 60-1610 et seq.

[History: Order No. 59 effective October 1, 1987; Order No. 70 effective October 13, 1989; Order No. 75 effective April 1, 1990; Order No. 83 effective February 6, 1993; Order No. 90 effective August 1, 1994; Order No. 107 effective January 1, 1996; Order No. 128 effective October 1, 1998; Order No. 180 effective January 1, 2004.]